Commentary 2: On the Beginnings of the Chinese Communist Party

FOREWORD

According to the book Explaining Simple and Analyzing Compound Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) written by Xu Shen (d. 147 AD in the Eastern Han Dynasty), the traditional Chinese character Dang, meaning “party” or “gang,” consists of two radicals that correspond to “promote or advocate” and “dark or black” respectively. Putting the two radicals together, the character means “promoting darkness.” “Party” or “party member” (which can also be interpreted as “gang” or “gang member”) carries a derogatory meaning. Confucius said, “A nobleman is proud but not aggressive, sociable but not partisan.” The footnotes of Analects (Lunyu) explain, “People who help one another conceal their wrongdoings are said to be forming a gang (party).” In Chinese history, political cliques were often called Peng Dang(cabal). It is a synonym for “gang of scoundrels” in traditional Chinese culture and is associated with the implication of ganging up for selfish purposes. 

Why did the Communist Party emerge, grow and eventually seize power in contemporary China? The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has constantly instilled into the Chinese people’s minds that history has chosen the CCP, that the people have chosen the CCP, and that “without the CCP there would be no new China.” 

Did the Chinese people choose the Communist Party? Or, did the Communist Party gang up and force Chinese people to accept it? We must find answers from history.

From the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to the early years of the Republic period (1911-1949), China experienced tremendous external shocks and extensive attempts at internal reform. Chinese society was in painful turmoil. Many intellectuals and people with lofty ideals wanted to save the country and its people. However, in the midst of national crisis and chaos, their sense of anxiety grew, leading first to disappointment and then complete despair. Like people who turn to any available doctor in times of illness, they looked outside China for their solutions. When the British and French styles failed, they switched to the Russian method. They did not hesitate to prescribe the most extreme remedy for the illness, in the hope that China would quickly become strong.

The May Fourth movement in 1919 was a thorough reflection of this despair. Some people advocated anarchism; others proposed to overthrow the doctrines of Confucius, and still others suggested bringing in foreign culture. In short, they rejected Chinese traditional culture and opposed the Confucian doctrine of the middle way. Eager to take a shortcut, they advocated the destruction of everything traditional. On the one hand, the radical members among them did not have a way to serve the country, and on the other hand, they believed firmly in their own ideals and wills. They felt the world was hopeless, believing only they had found the right approach to China’s future development. They were passionate for revolution and violence.

Different experiences led to different theories, principles and paths among various groups. Eventually a group of people met Communist Party representatives from the Soviet Union. The idea of “using violent revolution to seize political power,” lifted from the theory of Marxism-Leninism, appealed to their anxious minds and conformed to their desire to save the country and its people. They immediately formed an alliance with each other. They introduced communism, a completely foreign concept, into China. Altogether thirteen representatives attended the first CCP Congress. Later, some of them died, some ran away, and some, betraying the CCP or becoming opportunistic, worked for the occupying Japanese and became traitors to China, or quit the CCP and joined the Kuomintang (the Nationalist Party, hereafter referred to as KMT). By 1949 when the CCP came to power in China, only Mao Zedong (also spelled Mao Tse Tung) and Dong Biwu still remained of the original thirteen Party members. It is unclear whether the founders of the CCP were aware at the time that the “deity” they had introduced from the Soviet Union was in reality an evil specter, and the remedy they sought for strengthening the nation was actually a deadly poison.

The All-Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) (later known as the Communist Party of the Soviet Union), having just won its revolution, was obsessed with ambition for China. In 1920, the Soviet Union established the Far Eastern Bureau, a branch of the Third Communist International, or the Comintern. It was responsible for the establishment of a Communist party in China and other countries. Sumiltsky was the head of the bureau, and Grigori Voitinsky was a deputy manager. They began to prepare for the establishment of the CCP with Chen Duxiao and others. The proposal they submitted to the Far Eastern Bureau in June 1921 to establish a China branch of the Comintern indicated that the CCP was a branch led by the Comintern. On July 23, 1921, under the help of Nikolsky and Maring from the Far East Bureau, the CCP was officially formed.

The Communist movement was then introduced to China as an experiment, and the CCP has set itself above all, conquering all in its path, thereby bringing endless catastrophe to China. 

I. THE CCP GREW BY STEADILY ACCUMULATING WICKEDNESS

It is not an easy task to introduce a foreign and evil specter such as the Communist Party, one that is totally incompatible with the Chinese tradition, into China, a country with a history of 5,000 years of civilization. The CCP deceived the populace and the patriotic intellectuals who wanted to serve the country with the promise of the “communist utopia.” It further distorted the theory of communism, which had already been seriously distorted by Lenin, to provide a theoretical basis for destroying all traditional morals and principles. In addition, the CCP’s distorted theory of communism was used to destroy all that was disadvantageous to the CCP’s rule and to eliminate all social classes and people that might pose threats to its control.The CCP adopted the Industrial Revolution’s destruction of belief as well as the more complete atheism of communism. The CCP inherited communism’s denial of private ownership, and imported Lenin’s theory of violent revolution. At the same time, the CCP inherited and further strengthened the worst parts of the Chinese monarchy.

The history of the CCP is a process of its gradual accumulation of every single wickedness, domestic and foreign. The CCP has perfected its nine inherited traits, giving them “Chinese characteristics”: evil, deceit, incitement, unleashing the scum of society, espionage, robbery, fighting, elimination, and control. Responding to continuous crisis, the CCP has consolidated and strengthened the means and extent to which these malignant characteristics have been playing out.

FIRST INHERITED TRAIT: EVIL—PUTTING ON THE EVIL FORM OF MARXISM-LENINISM

Marxism initially attracted the Chinese Communists with its declaration to “use violent revolution to destroy the old state apparatus and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat.” This is precisely the root of evil in Marxism and Leninism.

Marxist materialism is predicated on the narrow economic concepts of forces of production, production relations, and surplus value. During the early, underdeveloped stages of capitalism, Marx made a shortsighted prediction that capitalism would die and the proletariat would win, which has been proven wrong by history and reality. Marxist-Leninist violent revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat promote power-politics and proletarian domination. The Communist Manifesto related the Communist Party’s historical and philosophical basis to class conflict and struggle. The proletariat broke free from traditional morals and social relations for the sake of seizing power. Upon their first appearance, the doctrines of communism are set in opposition to all tradition.

Human nature universally repels violence. Violence makes people ruthless and tyrannical. Thus, in all places and all times humanity has fundamentally rejected the premises of the Communist Party’s theory of violence, a theory that has no antecedent in any former systems of thought, philosophy, or tradition. The communist system of terror fell upon the earth as if from nowhere.

The CCP’s evil ideology is built on the premise that humans can conquer nature and transform the world. The Communist Party attracted many people with its ideals of “emancipating all mankind” and “world unity.” The CCP deceived many people, especially those who were concerned about the human condition and were eager to make their own mark in society. These people forgot that there is a heaven above. Inspired by the beautiful yet misguided notion of “building heaven on earth,” they despised traditions and looked down upon the lives of others, which in turn degraded themselves. They did all of this in an attempt to provide the CCP with praiseworthy service and gain honor.

The Communist Party presented the fantasy of a “Communist paradise” as the truth, and aroused people’s enthusiasm to fight for it: “For reason thunders new creation, `Tis a better world in birth.” [1] Employing such an absolutely absurd idea, the CCP severed the connections between humanity and heaven, and cut the lifeline that connects the Chinese people to their ancestors and national traditions. By summoning people to give their lives for communism, the CCP strengthened its ability to do harm. 

SECOND INHERITED TRAIT: DECEIT—EVIL HAS TO CHEAT TO PRETEND TO BE RIGHTEOUS

Evil must lie. To take advantage of the working class, the CCP conferred upon it the titles of “the most advanced class,” “selfless class,” “leading class,” and “pioneers of the proletarian revolution.” When the Communist Party needed the peasants, it promised “land to the tiller.” Mao applauded the peasants, saying, “Without the poor peasants there would be no revolution; to deny their role is to deny the revolution.”[2] When the Communist Party needed help from the capitalist class, it called them “fellow travelers in the proletarian revolution” and promised them “democratic republicanism.” When the Communist Party was almost exterminated by the KMT, it appealed loudly, “Chinese do not fight Chinese” and promised to submit itself to the leadership of the KMT. As soon as the anti-Japanese war (1937-1945) was over, the CCP turned full force against the KMT and overthrew its government. Similarly, the CCP eliminated the capitalist class shortly after taking control of China, and in the end transformed the peasants and workers into a truly penniless proletariat.

The notion of a united front is a typical example of the lies the CCP tells. In order to win the civil war against the KMT, the CCP departed from its usual tactics of killing every family member of the landlords and rich peasants and adopted a “temporary policy of unification” with its class enemies such as the landlords and rich peasants. On July 20, 1947, Mao Zedong announced that “Except for a few reactionary elements, we should adopt a more relaxed attitude towards the landlord class…in order to reduce hostile elements.” After the CCP gained power, however, the landlords and rich peasants did not escape genocide.

Saying one thing and doing another is normal for the Communist Party. When the CCP needed to use the democratic parties, it urged that all parties “strive for long-term coexistence, exercise mutual supervision, be sincere with each other, and share honor and disgrace.” Anybody who disagreed with or refused to conform to the Party’s concepts, words, deeds, or organization was eliminated. Marx, Lenin and the CCP leaders have all said that the Communist Party’s political power would not be shared with any other individuals or groups. From the very beginning, communism clearly carried within it the gene of dictatorship. The CCP is despotic and exclusive. It has never coexisted with any other political parties or groups in a sincere manner, whether when it attempted to seize power or after it gained control. Even during the so-called “relaxed” period, the CCP’s coexistence with others was at most a choreographed performance.

History tells us never to believe in any promises the CCP makes, nor to trust that any of the CCP’s commitments will be fulfilled. To believe the words of the Communist Party in whatever issue, that would be the issue that would cost one’s life.

THIRD INHERITED TRAIT: INCITEMENT—SKILLFULLY STIRRING UP HATRED AND INCITING STRUGGLE AMONG THE MASSES

Deceit serves to incite hatred. Struggle relies on hatred. Where hatred does not exist, it can be created.

The deep-rooted patriarchal clan system in the Chinese countryside served as a fundamental barrier to the Communist Party’s establishment of political power. The rural society was initially harmonious, and the relationship between the landowners and tenants was not entirely confrontational. The landowners offered the peasants a means to live, and in return the peasants supported the landowners.

This somewhat mutually dependent relationship was twisted by the CCP into extreme class antagonism and class exploitation. Harmony was turned into hostility, hatred, and struggle. The reasonable was made to be unreasonable, order was made to be chaos, and republicanism made to be despotism. The Communist Party encouraged expropriation, murder for money, and the slaughter of landlords, rich peasants, their families and their clans. Many peasants were not willing to take the property of others. Some returned at night the property they took from the landlords during the day, but they were criticized by CCP work teams in rural regions as having “low class consciousness.”

To incite class hatred, the CCP reduced the Chinese theater to a propaganda tool. A well-known story of class oppression, the White-Haired Girl [3], was originally about a female immortal and had nothing to do with class conflicts. Under the pens of the military writers, however, it was transformed into a “modern” drama, opera, and ballet used to incite class hatred. When Japan invaded China during World War II, the CCP did not fight with the Janpanese troops. Instead, it attacked the KMT government with accusations that the KMT betrayed the country without fighting against Japan. Even at the most critical moment of national calamity, it incited people to oppose the KMT government.

Inciting the masses to struggle against each other is a classic trick of the CCP. The CCP created the 95:5 formula of class assignment: 95 percent of the population would be assigned to various classes that could be won over, while the remaining 5 percent would be designated as class enemies. People within the 95 percent were safe, but those within the 5 percent were “struggled” against. Out of fear and to protect themselves, the people strived to be included in the 95 percent. This resulted in many cases in which people brought harm to others, even adding insult to injury. The CCP has, through the use of incitement in many of its political movements, perfected this technique. 

FOURTH INHERITED TRAIT: UNLEASHING THE SCUM OF SOCIETY—HOODLUMS AND SOCIAL SCUM FORM THE RANKS OF THE CCP

Unleashing the scum of society leads to evil, and evil must utilize the scum of society. Communist revolutions have often made use of the rebellion of hoodlums and social scum. The “Paris Commune,” actually involved homicide, arson, and violence led by social scum. Even Marx looked down upon the “lumpen proletariat.” [4] In the Communist Manifesto, Marx said, “The ‘dangerous class,’ the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of the old society, may, here and there, be swept into the movement by a proletarian revolution; its conditions of life, however, prepare it far more for the part of a bribed tool of reactionary intrigue.” Peasants, on the other hand, were considered by Marx and Engels to be unqualified to be any social class because of their so-called fragmentation and ignorance.

The CCP developed further the dark side of Marx's theory. Mao Zedong said, “The social scum and hoodlums have always been spurned by the society, but they are actually the bravest, the most thorough and firmest in the revolution in the rural areas.”[2] The lumpen proletariat enhanced the violent nature of the CCP and established the early political power of the communist party in rural areas The word “revolution” in Chinese literally means “taking lives,” which sounds horrific and disastrous to all good people. However, the party managed to imbue “revolution” with positive meaning. Similarly, in a debate over the term “lumpen proletariat” during the Cultural Revolution, the CCP felt that “lumpen” did not sound good, and so the CCP replaced it with “proletariat” simply.

Another behavior of the scum of society is to play the rascal. When criticized for being dictators, Party officials would reveal their tendency to bully and shamelessly pronounce something along the lines of, “You are right, that is precisely what we are doing. The Chinese experience accumulated through the past decades requires that we exercise this power of democratic dictatorship. We call it the ‘people’s democratic autocracy.’”

FIFTH INHERITED TRAIT: ESPIONAGE—INFILTRATE, SOW DISSENSION, DISINTEGRATE AND REPLACE

In addition to cheating, inciting violence, and employing the scum of society, the technique of espionage and sowing dissension was also used. The CCP was skillful in infiltration. Decades ago, the “top three” outstanding undercover agents of the CCP, Qian Zhuangfei, Li Kenong and Hu Beifeng, were in fact working for Chen Geng, the manager of the Second Branch of the Spy Section of the Central Committee of the CCP. When Qian Zhuangfei was working as a confidential secretary and trusted subordinate of Xu Enzeng, the director of the Investigation Office of the KMT Central Committe, he sent secret information of the KMT’s first and second strategic plans to encircle the CCP troops in Jiangxi province to Li Kenong through the internal mail of the Organization Department of KMT Central Committee, who further hand delivered it to Zhou Enlai (also spelled as Chou En-lai) [5]. In April 1930, a special double-agent organization funded by the Central Investigation Branch of the KMT was set up in the Northeast region of China. On the surface, it belonged to the KMT and was managed by Qian Zhuangfei, but behind the scenes it was controlled by the CCP and led by Chen Geng.

Li Kenong also joined the KMT’s Army Headquarters as a cryptographer. Li was the one that decoded the urgent message pertaining to the arrest and revolt of Gu Shunzhang [6], a CCP Security Bureau Director. Qian Zhuangfei immediately sent the decoded message to Zhou Enlai, thereby keeping the whole lot of spies from being caught in a dragnet.

Yang Dengying was a pro-Communist special representative for the KMT’s Central Investigation Office stationed in Shanghai. The CCP ordered him to arrest and execute those party memebers who the CCP considered unreliable. A senior CCP officer from Henan Province once offended a party cadre, and his own people pulled some strings to put him in the KMT's jail for several years.

During the Liberation War [7], the CCP managed to plant a secret agent whom Chiang Kai-shek (also called Jiang Jieshi) [8] kept in close confidence. Liu Pei, Lieutenant General and the Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Defense was in charge of dispatching the KMT army. Liu was in fact an undercover agent for the CCP. Before the KMT army found out about their next assignment, the information about the planned deployment had already reached Yan’an, headquarters of the CCP. The Communist Party would come up with a plan of defense accordingly. Xiong Xianghui, a secretary and trusted subordinate of Hu Zongnan [9], revealed Hu’s plan to invade Yan’an to Zhou Enlai. So when Hu Zongnan and his forces reached Yan’an, it was already deserted. Zhou Enlai once said, “Chairman Mao knew the military orders issued by Chiang Kai-shek before they ever made it to Chiang’s army commander.”

SIXTH INHERITED TRAIT: ROBBERY—PLUNDERING BY TRICKS OR VIOLENCE BECOMES A “NEW ORDER”

Everything the CCP has was obtained through robbery. When it pulled the Red Army together to establish its rule through military force, they needed money for arms and ammunition, food and clothes. The CCP raised funds in the form of suppressing the local tyrants and robbing banks, behaving just like bandits. In a mission led by Li Xiannian [10], one of the CCP’s senior leaders, the Red Army kidnapped the richest families in county seats in the area of western Hubei province. They did not just kidnap one single person, but one from every rich family in the clan. Those kidnapped were kept alive to be ransomed back to their families for continued monetary support for the army. It was not until either the Red Army was satisfied or the kidnapped families were completely drained of resources that the hostages were sent home, many at their last gasp. Some had been terrorized or tortured so badly that they died before they could return.

Through “cracking down on the local tyrants and confiscating their lands,” the CCP extended the tricks and violence of their plunder to the whole society, replacing tradition with “the new order.” The Communist Party has committed all manner of ill deeds, large and small, while it has done no good at all. It offers small favors to everyone in order to incite some to denounce others. As a result, compassion and virtue disappear completely, and are replaced with strife and killing. The “communist utopia” is actually a euphemism for violent plunder.

SEVENTH INHERITED TRAIT: FIGHTING—DESTROYS THE NATIONAL SYSTEM, AND TRADITIONAL RANKS AND ORDERS

Deceit, incitement, unleashing social scum, and espionage are all for the purpose of robbing and fighting. Communist philosophy promotes fighting. The communist revolution was absolutely not just some disorganized beating, smashing and robbing. Mao said, “The main targets of peasants’ attack are local tyrants, the evil gentry and lawless landlords, but in passing they also struck out against all kinds of patriarchal ideas and institutions, against the corrupt officials in the cities and against the bad practices and customs in the rural areas.” [2] Mao clearly instructed to destroy the entire traditional system and the customs of the countryside.

Communist fighting also includes armed forces and armed struggle. “A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.” [2] Fighting is used by the CCP when it attempted to seize state power by force. A few decades later, the CCP used the same characteristic of fighting to “educate” the next generation during the Great Cultural Revolution.

EIGHTH INHERITED TRAIT: ELIMINATION—ESTABLISHES A COMPLETE IDEOLOGY OF GENOCIDE

Communism has done many things with absolute cruelty. The CCP promised the intellectuals a “heaven on earth.” Later it labeled them “rightist” and put them into the infamous ninth category [11] of persecuted people, alongside landlords and spies. It deprived landlords and capitalists of their property, exterminated the landlord and rich peasant classes, destroyed rank and order in the countryside, took authority away from local figures, kidnapped and extorted bribes from the richer people, brainwashed war prisoners, “reformed” industrialists and capitalists, infiltrated the KMT and disintegrated it, split from the Communist International and betrayed it, cleaned out all dissidents through successive political movements after it came to power in 1949, and threatened its own members with coercion. Everything it did left no leeway.

The above-mentioned occurrences were all based on the CCP’s theory of genocide. Its every political movement in the past was a campaign of terror with genocidal intent. The CCP started to build its theoretical system of genocide at its early stage as a composite of its theories on class, revolution, struggle, violence, dictatorship, movements, and political parties. It encompasses all of the experiences it has embraced and accumulated through its various genocidal practices.

The essential expression of CCP genocide is the extermination of conscience and independent thought. In this way a ‘reign of terror’ serves the fundamental interests of the CCP. The CCP will not only eliminate you if you are against it, but it may also destroy you even if you are for it. It will eliminate whomever it deems should be eliminated. Consequently, everyone lives in the shadow of terror and fears the CCP. 

NINTH INHERITED TRAIT: CONTROL—THE USE OF PARTY NATURE TO CONTROL THE ENTIRE PARTY, AND SUBSEQUENTLY THE REST OF SOCIETY

All of the inherited characteristics aim to achieve a single goal: to control the populace through the use of terror. Through its evil actions, the CCP has proved itself to be the natural enemy of all existing social forces. Since its inception, the CCP has struggled through one crisis after another, among which the crisis of survival has been the most critical. The CCP exists in a state of perpetual fear for its survival. Its sole purpose has been to maintain its own existence and power—its own highest benefit. To supplement its declining power, the CCP has to turn to even more evil measures on a regular basis. The Party’s interest is not the interest of any single Party member, nor is it a collection of any individual interests. Rather, it is the interest of the Party as a collective entity which overrides any sense of the individual.

“Party nature” has been the most vicious characteristic of this evil specter. Party nature overwhelms human nature so completely that the Chinese people have lost their humanity. For instance, Zhou Enlai and Sun Bingwen were once comrades. After Sun Bingwen died, Zhou Enlai took his daughter, Sun Weishi, as his adopted daughter. During the Cultural Revolution, Sun Weishi was reprimanded. She later died in custody from a long nail driven into her head. Her arrest warrant had been signed by her stepfather, Zhou Enlai.

One of the early leaders of the CCP was Ren Bishi, who was in charge of opium sales during the anti-Japanese war. Opium was a symbol of foreign invasion at that time, as the British used opium imports to China to drain the Chinese economy and turn the Chinese people into addicts. Despite the strong national sentiment against opium, Ren dared to plant opium in a large area because of his “sense of Party nature,” risking universal condemnation. Due to the sensitive and illegal nature of the opium dealings, the CCP used the word “soap” as a code-word for opium. The CCP used the revenue from the illicit drug trade with bordering countries to fund its existence. At the Centenary of the Birth of Ren, one of the new generation of Chinese leaders highly praised Ren’s aptitude for the Party or sense of Party nature, claiming that, “Ren possessed superior character and was a model Party member. He also had a firm belief in Communism and unlimited loyalty to the cause of the Party.”

An example of good aptitude for the Party was Zhang Side. The Party said that he was killed by the sudden collapse of a kiln, but others claimed that he died while roasting opium. Since he was a quiet person, having served in the Central Guard Division and having never asked for a promotion, it was said, “his death is weightier than Mount Taishan,” [12] meaning that his life held the greatest importance.

Another model of “party nature,” Lei Feng, was well known as the “screw that never rusts, functioning in the revolutionary machine.” For a long period of time, both Lei and Zhang were used to educate the Chinese people to be loyal to the Party. Mao Zedong said, “The power of examples is boundless.” Many Party heroes were used to model the “iron will and principle of the Party spirit.”

Upon gaining power, the CCP launched an aggressive campaign of mind control to mold many new “tools” and “screws” from the successive generations. The Party formed a set of “proper thoughts” and a range of stereotypical behaviors. These protocols were initially used within the Party, but quickly expanded to the entire public. Clothed in the name of the nation, these thoughts and actions worked to brainwash people into complying with the evil mechanism of the CCP. 

II. THE CCP’S DISHONORABLE FOUNDATION

The CCP lays claim to a brilliant history, one that has seen victory after victory. This is merely an attempt to prettify itself and glorify the CCP’s image in the eyes of the public. As a matter of fact, the CCP has no glory to advertise at all. Only by using the nine inherited evil traits could it establish and maintain power.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CCP—RAISED ON THE BREAST OF THE SOVIET UNION

“With the report of the first cannon during the October Revolution, it brought us Marxism and Leninism.” That was how the Party portrayed itself to the people. However, when the Party was first founded, it was just the Asian branch of the Soviet Union. From the beginning, it was a traitorous party.

During the founding period of the Party, they had no money, no ideology, nor any experience. They had no foundation upon which to support themselves. The CCP joined the Comintern to link its destiny with the existing violent revolution. The CCP’s violent revolution was just a descendent of Marx and Lenin’s revolution. The Comintern was the global headquarters to overthrow political powers all over the world, and the CCP was simply an eastern branch of Soviet Communism, carrying out the imperialism of the Russian Red Army. The CCP shared the experience of the Soviet Union’s Communist Party of violent political takeover and dictatorship of the proletariat and followed the Soviet Party’s instructions on its political line, intellectual line and organization line. The CCP copied the secret andunderground means by which an external illegal organization survived, adopting extreme surveillance and control measures. The Soviet Union was the backbone and patron of the CCP.

The CCP constitution passed by the First Congress of the CCP was formulated by the Comintern, based upon Marxism-Leninism and the theories of class struggle, dictatorship of the proletariat and party establishment. The Soviet party constitution provided its fundamental basis. The soul of the CCP consists of ideology imported from the Soviet Union. Chen Duxiu, one of the foremost officials of the CCP, had different opinions from Maring, the representative from the Comintern. Maring wrote a memo to Chen stating that if Chen were a real member of the Communist Party, he must follow orders from the Comintern. Even though Chen Duxiu was one of the CCP's founding fathers, he could do nothing but listen and obey orders. Truly, he and the Party were simply subordinates of the Soviet Union.

During the Third Congress of the CCP in 1923, Chen Duxiu publicly acknowledged that the Party was funded almost entirely by contributions from the Soviet Comintern. In one year, the Comintern contributed over 200,000 yuan to the CCP, with unsatisfactory results. The Comintern accused the CCP of not being diligent enough in their efforts.

According to incomplete statistics from declassified Party documents, the CCP received 16,655 Chinese yuan from October 1921 to June 1922. In 1924, they received USD $1,500 and 31,927.17 yuan, and in 1927 they received 187,674 yuan. The monthly contribution from the Comintern averaged around 20,000 yuan. Tactics commonly used by the CCP today, such as lobbying, going through the backdoor, offering bribes, and using threats, were already in use back then. The Comintern accused the CCP of continuously lobbying for funds.

“They take advantage of the different funding sources (International Communications Office, representatives for the Comintern, and military organizations, etc.) to get their funds, because one organization does not know that the other organization has already dispersed the funds…the funny thing is, they not only understand the psychology of our Soviet comrades. Most importantly, they know how to treat differently the comrades in charge of dispersing funds. Once they know that they won’t be able to get it through normal means, they delay meetings. In the end they use the crudest means to blackmail, like spreading rumors that some grass-root officials have conflicts with the Soviets, and that money is being given to warlords instead of the CCP.” [13] 

THE FIRST KMT AND CCP ALLIANCE—A PARASITE INFILTRATES TO THE CORE AND SABOTAGES THE NORTHERN EXPEDITION [14]

The CCP has always taught its people that Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the National Revolution movement [15], forcing the CCP to rise in armed revolt.

In reality, the CCP is a parasite or possessing specter. It cooperated with the KMT in the first KMT-CCP alliance for the sake of expanding its influence by taking advantage of the national revolution. Moreover, the CCP was eager to launch the Soviet-supported revolution and seize power, and its desire for power in fact destroyed and betrayed the National Revolution movement.

At the Second National Congress of the CCP in July 1922, those opposing the alliance with the KMT dominated the congress, because the party members were anxious to seize power. However, the Comintern vetoed the resolution reached in the congress and ordered the CCP to join the KMT.

During the first KMT-CCP alliance, the CCP held its Fourth National Congress in Shanghai in January 1925 and raised the question of leadership in China before Sun Yat-sen [16] died on March 12, 1925. Had he not died, he, instead of Chian Kai-shek would have been the target the CCP aimed at in its quest for power.

With the support of the Soviet Union, the CCP wantonly seized political power inside the KMT during its alliance with the CCP. Tan Pingshan (1886-1956, one of the early leaders of CCP in Guangdong province) became the minister of the Central Personnel Department of the KMT. Feng Jupo (1899-1954, one of the early leaders of CCP in Guangdong province), secretary of the Ministry of Labor, was granted full power to deal with all labor-related affairs. Lin Zuhan (or Lin Boqu, 1886-1960, one of the earliest CCP members) was the Minister of Rural Affairs, while Peng Pai (1896-1929, one of the CCP leaders) was secretary of this Ministry. Mao Zedong assumed the position of acting propaganda minister of the KMT Propaganda Ministry. The military schools and leadership of the military were always the focus of the CCP: Zhou Enlai held the position of director of the Politics Department of the Huangpu (Whampoa) Military Academy, and Zhang Shenfu (or Zhang Songnian, 1893-1986, one of the founders of CCP who introduced Zhou Enlai to join the CCP) was its associate director. Zhou Enlai was also Chief of the Judge Advocates Section, and he planted Russian military advisers here and there. Many Communists held the positions of political instructors and faculty in KMT military schools. CCP members also served as KMT Party representatives at various levels of the National Revolutionary Army. [17] It was also stipulated that without a Party representative’s signature, no order would be deemed effective. As a result of this parasitic attachment to the National Revolution movement, the number of the CCP members increased drastically from less than 1000 in 1925 to 30,000 by 1928.

The Northern Expedition started in February of 1926. From October 1926 to March 1927, the CCP launched three armed rebellions in Shanghai. Later, it attacked the Northern Expedition military headquarters but failed. The pickets for the general strikes in Guangdong province engaged in violent conflicts with the police every day. Such uprisings caused the April 12 purge of the CCP by the KMT in 1927. [18]

In August 1927, the CCP members within the KMT Revolutionary Army initiated the Nanchang Rebellion, which was quickly suppressed. In September, the CCP launched the Autumn Harvest Uprising to attack Changsha, but that attack was suppressed as well. The CCP began to implement a network of control in the army whereby “Party branches are established at the level of the company in the army,” and it fled to the Jinggangshan Mountain area in Jiangxi Province, [19] establishing rule over the countryside there.

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THE HUNAN PEASANT REBELLION—INCITING THE SCUM OF SOCIETY TO REVOLT

During the Northern Expedition, when the National Revolutionary Army was at war with the warlords, the CCP instigated rebellions in the rural areas in an attempt to capture power.

The Hunan Peasant Rebellion in 1927 was a revolt of the riffraff, the scum of society, as was the well-known Paris Commune of 1871—the first Communist revolt. French nationals and foreigners in Paris at the time witnessed that the Paris Commune was a group of destructive roving bandits with no vision. Living in exquisite buildings and large mansions and eating extravagant and luxurious meals, they cared only about enjoying their momentary happiness and worried about nothing ahead. During the rebellion of the Paris Commune, they censored the Press. They took as hostage and later shot the Archbishop of Paris, Georges Darboy, who gave sermons to the King. For their personal enjoyment they cruelly killed 64 clergymen, set fire to palaces, and destroyed government offices, private residences, monuments, and inscription columns. The wealth and beauty of the French capital had been second to none in Europe. However, during the Paris Commune uprising, buildings were reduced to ashes and people to skeletons. Such atrocities and cruelty had rarely been seen throughout history.

As Mao Zedong admitted,

It is true the peasants are in a sense ‘unruly’ in the countryside. Supreme in authority, the peasant association allowed the landlord no say and sweeps away his prestige. This amounts to striking the landlord down to the dust and keeping him there. The peasants threaten, “We will put you in the other register [the register of reactionaries]!” They fine the local tyrants and evil gentry, they demand contributions from them, and they smash their sedan-chairs. People swarm into the houses of local tyrants and evil gentry who are against the peasant association, slaughter their pigs and consume their grain. They even loll for a minute or two on the ivory-inlaid beds belonging to the young ladies in the households of the local tyrants and evil gentry. At the slightest provocation they make arrests, crown the arrested with tall paper hats, and parade them through the village, saying, “You dirty landlords, now you know who we are!” Doing whatever they like and turning everything upside down, they have created a kind of terror in the countryside. [2]

But Mao gave such “unruly” actions a full approval, saying,

To put it bluntly, it is necessary to create terror for a while in every rural area, or otherwise it would be impossible to suppress the activities of the counter-revolutionaries in the countryside or overthrow the authority of the gentry. Proper limits have to be exceeded in order to right a wrong, or else the wrong cannot be righted... Many of their deeds in the period of revolutionary action, which were seen as going too far, were in fact the very things the revolution required. [2]

Communist revolution creates a system of terror.

THE “ANTI-JAPANESE” NORTH-BOUND OPERATION—THE FLIGHT OF THE DEFEATED

The CCP labeled the “Long March” as a northbound anti-Japanese operation. It trumpeted the “Long March” as a Chinese revolutionary fairy tale. It claimed that the “Long March” was a “manifesto,” a “propaganda team” and a “seeding machine,” which ended with the CCP’s victory and their enemies’ defeat.

The CCP fabricated such obvious lies about marching north to fight the Japanese to cover its failures. From October 1933 to January 1934, the Communist Party suffered a total defeat. In the fifth operation by the KMT, which aimed to encircle and annihilate the CCP, the CCP lost its rural strongholds one after another. With its base areas continually shrinking, the main Red Army had to flee. This is the true origin of the “Long March.”

The “Long March” was in fact aimed at breaking out of the encirclement and fleeing to Outer Mongolia and Soviet Russia along an arc that first went west and then north. Once in place, the CCP could escape into the Soviet Union in case of defeat. The CCP encountered great difficulties when en route towards Outer Mongolia. They chose to go through Shanxi and Suiyuan. On the one hand by marching through these northern provinces, they could claim to be “anti-Japanese” and win people’s hearts. On the other hand, those areas were safe as no Japanese troops were deployed there. The area occupied by the Japanese army was along the Great Wall. A year later, when the CCP finally arrived at Shanbei (northern Shaanxi province), the main force of the Central Red Army had decreased from 80,000 to 6,000 people.

THE XI’AN INCIDENT—THE CCP SUCCESSFULLY SOWED DISSENSION AND LATCHED ONTO THE KMT A SECOND TIME

In December 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, two KMT generals, kidnapped Chiang Kai-shek in Xi’an. This has since been referred to as the Xi’an Incident.

According to the CCP’s textbooks, the Xi’an Incident was a “military coup” initiated by Zhang and Yang, who delivered a life or death ultimatum to Chiang Kai-shek. He was forced to take a stance against the Japanese invaders. Zhou Enlai was reportedly invited to Xi’an as a CCP representative to help negotiate a peaceful resolution. With different groups in China mediating, the incident was resolved peacefully, thereby ending a civil war of ten years and starting a unified national alliance against the Japanese. The CCP history books say that this incident was a crucial turning point for China in her crisis. The CCP depicts itself as the patriotic party that takes the interests of the whole nation into account.

More and more documents have revealed that many CCP spies had already gathered around Yang Hucheng and Zhang Xueliang before the Xi’an Incident. Liu Ding, an underground CCP member was introduced to Zhang Xueliang by Song Qingling, wife of Sun Yat-sen, a sister of Madame Chiang and a CCP member. After the Xi’an Incident, Mao Zedong praised that, “Liu Ding performed meritorious service in Xi’an Incident.” Among those working at Yang Hucheng’s side, his own wife Xie Baozhen was a CCP member and worked in Yang’s Political Department of the Army. Xie married Yang Hucheng in January of 1928 with the approval of the CCP. In addition, CCP member Wang Bingnan was an honored guest in Yang’s home at the time. Wang later became a vice minister for the CCP Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was these CCP members around Yang and Zhang who directly instigated the coup.

At the beginning of the incident, the leaders of the CCP wanted to kill Chiang Kai-shek, avenging his earlier suppression of the CCP. At that time, the CCP had a very weak base in northern Shaanxi province, and had been in danger of being completely eliminated in a single battle. The CCP, utilizing all its acquired skills of deception, instigated Zhang and Yang to revolt. In order to pin down the Japanese and prevent them from attacking the Soviet Union, Stalin personally wrote to the Central Committee of the CCP, asking them not to kill Chiang Kai-shek, but to cooperate with him for a second time. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai realized that they could not destroy the KMT with the limited strength of the CCP; if they killed Chiang Kai-shek, they would be defeated and even eliminated by the avenging KMT army. Under these circumstances, the CCP changed its tone. The CCP forced Chiang Kai-shek to accept cooperation a second time in the name of joint resistance against the Japanese.

The CCP first instigated a revolt, pointing the gun at Chiang Kai-shek, but then turned around and, acting like a stage hero, forced him to accept the CCP again. The CCP not only escaped a crisis of disintegration, but also used the opportunity to latch onto the KMT government for the second time. The Red Army was soon turned into the Eighth Route Army and grew bigger and more powerful than before. One must admire the CCP’s unmatchable skills of deception.

ANTI-JAPANESE WAR—THE CCP GREW BY KILLING WITH BORROWED WEAPONS

When the anti-Japanese war broke out in 1937, the KMT had more than 1.7 million armed soldiers, ships with 110,000 tons displacement, and about 600 fighter planes of various kinds. The total size of the CCP’s army including the New Fourth Army which was newly grouped in November of 1937, did not exceed 70,000 people.Its power was weakened further by internal fractional politics and could be eliminated in a single battle. The CCP realized that if it were to face battle with the Japanese, it would not be able to defeat even a single division of the Japanese troops. In the eyes of the CCP, sustaining its own power rather than ensuring the survival of the nation was the central focus of the emphasis on “national unity.” Therefore, during its cooperation with the KMT, the CCP exercised an internal policy of “giving priority to the struggle for political power, which is to be disclosed internally and realized in actual practice.”

After the Japanese occupied the city of Shenyang on September 18, 1931, thereby extending their control over large areas in northeastern China, the CCP fought shoulder to shoulder with Japanese invaders to defeat the KMT. In a declaration written in response to the Japanese occupation, the CCP exhorted the people in the KMT-controlled areas to rebel, calling on “workers to strike, peasants to make trouble, students to boycott classes, poor people to quit working, soldiers to revolt” so as to overthrow the Nationalist government.

The CCP held up a banner calling for resistance to the Japanese, but they only had local armies and guerrilla forces in camps away from the front lines. Except for a few battles, including the one fought at Pingxing Pass, the CCP did not make much of a contribution to the war against the Japanese at all. Instead, they spent their energy expanding their own base. When the Japanese surrendered, the CCP incorporated the surrendering soldiers into its army, claiming to have expanded to more than 900,000 regular soldiers, in addition to 2 million militia fighters. The KMT army was essentially alone on the frontlines while fighting the Japanese, losing over 200 marshalls in the war. The commanding officers on the CCP side bore nearly no losses. However, the textbooks of the CCP constantly claimed that the KMT did not resist the Japanese, and that it was the CCP that led the great victory in the anti-Japanese war.

RECTIFICATION IN YAN’AN—CREATING THE MOST FEARSOME METHODS IN PERSECUTION

The CCP attracted countless patriotic youth to Yan’an in the name of fighting against the Japanese, but persecuted tens of thousands of them during the rectification movement in Yan’an. Since gaining control of China, the CCP has depicted Yan’an as the revolutionary “holy land,” but has not made any mention of the crimes it committed during the rectification.

The rectification movement in Yan’an was the largest, darkest and most ferocious power game ever played out in the human world. In the name of cleansing petty bourgeoisie toxins, the Party washed away morality, independence of thought, freedom of action, tolerance, and dignity. The first step of the rectification was to set up, for each person, personnel archives, which included: 1) a personal statement; 2) a chronicle of one's political life; 3) family background and social relationships; 4) autobiography and ideological transformation; 5) evaluation according to Party nature.

In the personnel archive, one had to list all acquaintances since birth, all important events and the time and place of their occurrence. People were asked to write repeatedly for the archive, and any omissions would be seen as signs of impurity. One had to describe all social activities they had ever participated in, especially those related to joining the Party. The emphasis was placed on personal thought processes during these social activities. Evaluation based on Party nature was even more important, and one had to confess any anti-Party thoughts or behavior in one’s consciousness, speech, work attitudes, everyday life, or social activities. For example, in evaluation of one’s consciousness, one was required to scrutinize whether one had been concerned for self-interest, whether one had used work for the Party to reach personal goals, whether one had wavered in trust in the revolutionary future, feared death during battles, or missed family members and spouses after joining in the party or the army. There were no objective standards, so nearly everyone was found to have problems.

Coercion was used to extract “confessions” from cadres who were being inspected in order to eliminate “hidden traitors.” Countless frame-ups and false and wrong accusations resulted, and a large number of cadres were persecuted. During the rectification, Yan’an was called “a place for purging human nature.” A work team entered the University of Military Affairs and Politics to examine the cadres’ personal histories, causing Red Terror for two months. Various methods were used to extract confessions, including extemporaneious confessions, demonstrative confessions, “group persuasions,” “five-minute persuasions,” private advice, conference reports, and identifying the “radishes” (i.e., red outside and white inside). There was also “picture taking”—lining up everyone on the stage for examination. Those who appeared nervous were identified as suspects and targeted as subjects to be investigated.

Even representatives from the Comintern recoiled at the methods used during the rectification, saying that the Yan’an situation was depressing. People did not dare interact with one another. Each person had his own axe to grind and everyone was nervous and frightened. No one dared to speak the truth or protect mistreated friends, because each was trying to save his own life. The vicious—those who flattered, lied, and insulted others—were promoted; humiliation became a fact of life in Yan’an – either humiliate other comrades or humiliate oneself. People were pushed to the brink of insanity, having been forced to abandon dignity, a sense of honor or shame, and love for one another in order to save their own lives and their own jobs. They ceased to express their own opinions, but recited party leaders’ articles instead.

This same system of oppression has been employed in all CCP political activities since it seized power in China.

THREE YEARS OF CIVIL WAR—BETRAYING THE COUNTRY TO SEIZE POWER

The Russian Bourgeois Revolution in February 1917 was a relatively mild uprising. The Tsar placed the interests of the country first and surrendered the throne instead of resisting. Lenin hurriedly returned to Russia from Germany, staged another coup, and in the name of communist revolution murdered the revolutionaries of the capitalist class who had overthrown the Tsar, thus strangling Russia’s bourgeois revolution. The CCP, like Lenin, picked the fruits of a nationalist revolution. After the anti-Japanese war was over, the CCP launched a so-called “War of Liberation” (1946-1949) to overthrow the KMT government, bringing the disaster of war to China once more.

The CCP is well known for its “huge-crowd strategy,” the sacrifice of massive casualties and deaths to win a battle. In several battles with the KMT, including those fought in Liaoxi-Shenyang, Beijing-Tianjin, and Huai Hai [20], the CCP used these most primitive, barbarous, and inhumane tactics that sacrificed huge numbers of its own people. When besieging Changchun city in Jilin Province in Northeast China, in order to exhaust the food supply in the city, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) was ordered to forbid ordinary people from leaving the city. During the two months of Changchun’s besiegement, nearly 200,000 people died of hunger and frost. But the PLA did not allow people to leave. After the battle was over, the CCP, without a tinge of shame, claimed that they had “liberated Changchun without firing a shot.”

From 1947 to 1948, the CCP signed the “Harbin Agreement” and the “Moscow Agreement” with the Soviet Union, surrendering national assets and giving away resources from the Northeast in exchange for the Soviet Union’s full support in foreign relations and military affairs. According to the agreements, the Soviet Union would supply the CCP with 50 airplanes; it would give the CCP weapons left by the surrendered Japanese in two installments; and it would sell the Soviet-controlled ammunition and military supplies in China’s Northeast to the CCP at low prices. If the KMT launched an amphibious landing in the Northeast, the Soviet Union would secretly support the CCP army. In addition, the Soviet Union would help the CCP gain control over Xinjiang in Northwest China; the CCP and the Soviet Union would build an allied air force; the Soviets would help equip 11 divisions of the CCP army, and transport one-third of its US-supplied weapons (worth $13 billion) into Northeast China.

To gain Soviet support, the CCP promised the Soviet Union special transportation privileges in the Northeast both on land and in the air; offered the Soviet Union information about the actions of both the KMT government and the US military; provided the Soviet Union with products from the Northeast (cotton, soybeans) and military supplies in exchange for advanced weapons; granted the Soviet Union preferential mining rights in China; allowed the Soviet Union to station armies in the Northeast and Xinjiang; and permitted the Soviets to set up the Far East Intelligence Bureau in China. If war broke out in Europe, the CCP would send an expeditionary army of 100,000 plus 2 million laborers to support the Soviet Union. In addition, the CCP promised to merge some special regions in Liaoning province into North Korea if necessary. 

 III. DEMONSTRATING EVIL TRAITS

ETERNAL FEAR MARKS THE PARTY’S HISTORY

The most prominent characteristic of the CCP is its eternal fear. Survival has been the CCP’s highest interest since its inception. Such interest managed to overcome the fear hidden underneath its ever-changing appearance. The CCP is like a cancer cell that diffuses and infiltrates every part of body, kills the surrounding normal cells and grows malignantly beyond control. In our cycle of history, society has been unable to dissolve such a mutated factor as the CCP and has no alternative but to let it proliferate at will. This mutated factor is so powerful that nothing within the level and range of its expansion can stop it. Much of society has become polluted, and larger and larger areas have been flooded with communism or communist elements. These elements are further strengthened and taken advantage of by the CCP and have fundamentally degraded the morality and society of humankind.

The CCP doesn’t believe in any generally recognized principle of morality and justice. All of its principles are used entirely for its own interest. It is fundamentally selfish, and there are no principles that could restrain and control its desires. Based on its own principles, the Party needs to keep changing how it appears on the surface, putting on new skins. During the early period when its survival was at stake, the CCP attached to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to the KMT, to the KMT’s governing body, and to the National Revolution. After capturing power, the CCP attached itself to various forms of opportunism, to the citizens’ minds and feelings, to social structures and means—to anything it could put its hands on. It has utilized every crisis as an opportunity to gather more power and to strengthen its means of control. 

STEADFAST PURSUIT OF EVIL IS THE CCP’S “MAGIC WEAPONS”

The CCP claims that revolutionary victory depends on three “magic weapons”: the Party’s construction, armed struggle, and united fronts. The experience with the KMT offered the CCP two more such “weapons”: propaganda and espionage. The Party’s various “magic weapons” have all been infused with the CCP’s nine inherited traits: evil, deceit, incitement, unleashing the scum of society, espionage, robbery, fighting, elimination, and control.

Marxism-Leninism is evil in its nature. Ironically, the Chinese Communists do not really understand Marxism-Leninism. Lin Biao [21] said that there were very few CCP members who had really read the works of Marx or Lenin. The public considered Qu Qiubai [22] an ideologue, but he admitted to have only read a very little of Marxism-Leninism. Mao Zedong’s ideology is a rural version of Marxism-Leninism that advocates the rebellion of peasants. Deng Xiaoping’s theory of the primary stage of socialism has capitalism as its last name. Jiang Zemin’s “Three Represents” [23] was pieced together out of nothing. The CCP has never really understood what Marxism-Leninism is, but has inherited from it the evil aspects, upon which the CCP has foisted off its own even more wicked stuff.

The CCP’s united front is a conjunction of deceit and short-term pay-offs. The goal of unity was to strengthen its power, to help it grow from a loner to a huge clan and to change the ratio of its friends to its enemies. Unity required discernment—identifying who were enemies and who were friends; who were on the left, in the middle, on the right; who should be befriended and when, and who should be attacked and when. It easily turned former enemies into friends and then back to enemies again. For example, during the period of the democratic revolution, the party allied with the capitalists; during the socialist revolution it eliminated the capitalists. In another example, leaders of other democratic parties such as Zhang Bojun [24] and Luo Longji, [25] co-founders of “China Democratic League”, were made use of as supporters of the CCP during the period of seizing state power, but later were persecuted as “rightists.”

THE COMMUNIST PARTY IS A SOPHISTICATED PROFESSIONAL GANG

The Communist Party has used two-sided strategies, one side soft and flexible and the other hard and stern. Its softer strategies include propaganda, united fronts, sowing dissension, espionage, instigating rebellion, double-dealing, getting into people's minds, brainwashing, lies and deception, covering up the truth, psychological abuse, and generating an atmosphere of terror. In doing these things, the CCP creates a syndrome of fear inside the people’s hearts that leads them to easily forget the Party’s wrongdoings. These myriad methods could stamp out human nature and foster maliciousness in humanity. The CCP’s hard tactics include violence, armed struggle, persecution, political movements, murdering witnesses, kidnapping, suppressing different voices, armed attacks, periodic crack-downs, etc. These aggressive methods create and perpetuate terror.

The CCP uses both soft and hard methods concurrently. Sometimes they would be relaxed in some instances while strict in others, or they would be relaxed on the outside while stiff in their internal affairs. In a relaxed atmosphere, the CCP encouraged the expression of different opinions, but, as if luring the snake out of its hole, those who did speak up would only be persecuted in the following period of strict control. The CCP often used democracy to challenge the KMT, but when intellectuals in the CCP-controlled areas disagreed with the Party, they would be tortured or even beheaded. As an example, we can look at the infamous “Wild Lilies incident,” in which the intellectual Wang Shiwei (1906-1947) who wrote an essay “Wild Lilies” to express his ideal of equality, democracy and humanitarianism was purged in the Yan’an rectification movement and hacked to death with axes by the CCP in 1947.

A veteran official who had suffered torments in the Yan’an Rectification movement recalled that when he was under intense pressure, dragged and forced to confess, the only thing he could do was to betray his own conscience and make up lies. At first, he felt bad to be implicating and framing his fellow comrades. He hated himself so much that he wanted to end his life. Coincidentally, a gun had been placed on the table. He grabbed it, pointed it at his head and pulled the trigger. The gun had no bullets! The person who investigated him walked in and said, “It’s good that you admitted what you’ve done was wrong. The Party’s policies are lenient.” The Communist Party would know that you had reached your limit, know that you were “loyal” to the Party, so you had passed the test. The CCP always first puts one in a deathtrap and then enjoys one’s every pain and humiliation. When one reaches the limit and just wishes for death, the Party would “kindly” come out to show one a way to live. It is said “better a live coward than a dead hero.” One becomes so grateful to the Party as one’s savior. Years later, this official learned about Falun Gong, a Qigong and cultivation practice that started in China. He felt the practice to be good. When the persecution of Falun Gong started in 1999, however, his painful memories of the past revisited him, and he no longer dared to say that Falun Gong was good.

The experience of China’s last Emperor Puyi [26] was similar to this officer’s. Imprisoned in the CCP’s cells and seeing people killed one after another, he thought that he would die soon. In order to live, he allowed himself to be brainwashed and cooperated with the prison guards. Later, he wrote an autobiography The First Half of My Life, which was used by the CCP as a successful example of ideological remolding.

According to modern medical studies, many victims of intense pressure and isolation fall prey to an abnormal sense of dependency on their captors known as the Stockholm Syndrome. The victims’ moods—happiness or anger, joy or sorrow—would be dictated by those of their captors. The slightest favor for the victims will be received with deep gratitude. There are accounts in which the victims develop “love” for their captors. This psychological phenomenon has been long used successfully by the CCP both against its enemies and in controlling and remolding the minds of its citizens.

THE PARTY IS THE MOST WICKED

A majority of the general secretaries of the CCP have been labeled anti-communists. Clearly, the CCP has a life of its own, with its own independent body.The party runs the officials and not the other way around. In the “Soviet areas” of Jiangxi province, while the CCP was encircled by the KMT and could hardly survive, it still conducted internal cleansing operations in the name of cracking down on the “Anti-Bolshevik (AB) Corps,” executing its own soldiers at night or stoning them to death to save bullets. In northern Shaanxi province, while sandwiched in between the Japanese and the KMT, the CCP began the Yan’an rectification movement of mass cleansing, killing numerous people. This type of repetitive massacre on such a massive scale did not prevent the CCP from expanding its power to eventually rule all of China. The CCP expanded this pattern of internal rivalry and killing one another from the small Soviet areas to the whole nation.

The CCP is like a malignant tumor: in its rapid development, the center of the tumor has already died, but it continues to diffuse to the healthy organisms on the outer edges. After the organisms and bodies are infiltrated, new tumors grow. No matter how good or bad a person is to start with, after joining the CCP, he or she would become a part of its destructive force. The more honest the person is, the more destructive he would become. Undoubtedly, this CCP tumor will continue to grow until there is nothing left for it to feed upon. Then, the cancer will surely die.

The founder of the CCP, Chen Duxiu, was an intellectual and a leader of the May Fourth student movement. He showed himself not a fan of violence, and warned the CCP members that if they attempted to convert the KMT to the communist ideologies or had too much interest in power, that would certainly lead to strained relationships. While one of the most active in the May Fourth generation, Chen was also tolerant. However, he was the first to be labeled a “right-wing opportunist.”

Another CCP leader, Qu Qiubai, believed that the CCP members should engage in battles and fighting, organize rebellions, overthrow authorities, and use extreme means to return the Chinese society to its normal functioning. However, he confessed before his death, “I do not want to die as a revolutionary. I had left your movement a long time ago. Well, history played a trick, bringing me, an intellectual, onto the political stage of revolution and keeping me there for many years. In the end, I still could not overcome my own gentry notions. I cannot become a warrior of the proletariat class after all.” [27]

The CCP leader Wang Ming, at the advice of the Comintern, argued for unity with the KMT in the war against the Japanese, instead of expanding the CCP base. At the CCP meetings, Mao Zedong and Zhang Wentian [28] could not persuade this fellow comrade, nor could they reveal the truth of their situation: according to the limited military strength of the Red Army, they would not be able to hold back even a division of the Japanese by themselves. If, against good sense, the CCP would have decided to fight, then the history of China would certainly be different. Mao Zedong was forced to remain silent at the meetings. Later, Wang Ming was ousted, first for a “left wing” deviation and then branded an opportunist of the right wing ideology.

Hu Yaobang, another party Secretary, who was forced to resign in January of 1987, had earned back Chinese people’s support for the CCP by bringing justice to many innocent victims who had been criminalized during the Cultural Revolution. Still, he was kicked out in the end.

Zhao Ziyang, the most recent fallen Secretary [29], wanted to help the CCP in furthering reform, yet his actions brought him dire consequences.

So what could each new leader of the CCP accomplish? Truly to reform the CCP would imply its death. The reformers would quickly find their power taken away by the CCP. There is a certain limit on what the CCP members can do to transform the CCP system. So there is no chance for CCP to succeed in reformation.

If the Party leaders have all turned into “bad people,” how could the CCP have expanded the revolution? In many instances when the CCP was at its best—also the most evil, their highest officials failed in their positions. This was because their degree of evil did not meet the high standard of the Party, which has, over and over, selected only the most evil. Many Party leaders ended their political life in tragedy, yet the CCP has survived. The CCP leaders who survived their positions were not those who could influence the Party, but those who could comprehend the Party’s evil intentions and follow them. They strengthened the CCP’s ability to survive while in crisis, and gave themselves entirely to the Party. No wonder Party members were capable of battling with heaven, fighting with the earth, and struggling against other human beings. But never could they oppose the Party. They are tame tools of the Party, or at most symbiotically related to the Party.

Shamelessness has become a marvelous quality of today’s CCP. According to the Party, its mistakes were all made by individual Party leaders, e.g., Zhang Guotao [30] or the Gang of Four [31]. Mao Zedong was judged by the Party as having three parts mistakes and seven parts achievements, while Deng Xiaoping judged himself to have four parts mistakes and six parts achievements, but the Party itself was never wrong. Even if the Party was wrong, well, it is the Party itself which has corrected the mistakes.  Therefore, the Party tells its members to “look forward” and “not to be tangled in past accounts.” Many things could change: The Communist paradise is turned into a lowly goal of socialist food and shelter; Marxism-Lenenism is replaced by the “Three Represents.”People should not be surprised to see the CCP promoting democracy, opening up the freedom of belief, abandoning Jiang Zemin overnight, or redressing the persecution of Falun Gong, if it deems doing so necessary to maintain its control. There is one thing that never changes about the CCP: The fundamental pursuit of the Party’s goals—survival and maintenance of its power and control.

The CCP has mixed violence, terror and high-pressure indoctrination to form its theoretical basis, which is then turned into the Party nature, the supreme principles of the Party, the spirit of its leaders, the functioning mechanism of the entire Party, and the criteria for the actions of all CCP members. The Communist Party is as hard as steel, and its disciplines are as solid as iron. The intention of all members must be unified, and the actions of all members must completely comply with the Party’s political agenda.

CONCLUSION

Why has history chosen the Communist Party over any other political force in China? As we all know, in this world there are two forces, two choices. One is the old and evil, whose goal is to do evil and choose the negative. The other is the righteous and good, which will choose the right and the benevolent. The CCP was chosen by the old forces. The reason for the choice is precisely because the CCP has gathered all the evil of the world, Chinese or foreign, past or present. It is a typical representative of the evil forces. The CCP took the greatest advantage of people’s inborn innocence and benevolence to cheat, and, step by step, it has prevailed in gaining today’s capacity to destroy.

What did the Party mean when it claimed that there would be no new China without the Communist Party? From its founding in 1921 until it took political power in 1949, the evidence clearly shows that without deceit and violence, the CCP would not be in power. The CCP differs from all other types of organizations in that it follows a twisted ideology of Marxism-Leninism, and does what it pleases. It can explain all that it does with high theories and link them cleverly to certain portions of the masses, thus “justifying” its actions. It broadcasts propaganda every day, clothing its strategies in various principles and theories and proving itself to be forever correct.

The development of the CCP has been a process of the accumulation of evil, with nothing glorious at all. The history of the CCP tells us precisely its illegitimacy. The Chinese people did not choose the CCP; instead, the CCP forced Communism, this foreign evil specter, onto the Chinese people by applying the evil traits that it has inherited from the Communist Party—evil, deceit, incitement, unleashing the scum of society, espionage, robbery, fighting, elimination, and control.

NOTES:

[1] From the Communist Anthem, “The Internationale.”

[2] From Mao’s “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan” (March 1927).

[3] A Chinese folk legend, the White-Haired Girl is the story of a female immortal living in a cave who had supernatural abilities to reward virtue and punish vice, support the righteous and restrain the evil. However, in the Chinese “modern” drama, opera, and ballet, she was described as a girl who was forced to flee to a cave after her father was beaten to death for refusing to marry her to an old landlord. She became white-haired for lack of nutrition. This became one of the most well-known “modern” dramas in China and incited class hatred of landlords.

[4] Lumpen proletariat, roughly translated as slum workers. This term identifies the class of outcast, degenerate or underground elements that make up a section of the population of industrial centers. It includes beggars, prostitutes, gangsters, racketeers, swindlers, petty criminals, tramps, chronic unemployed or unemployables, persons who have been cast out by industry, and all sorts of declassed, degraded or degenerated elements. The term was coined by Marx in The Class Struggles in France, 1848-1850.                                                          

[5] Zhou Enlai (March 5, 1898 - January 8, 1976), was second in prominence to Mao in the history of the CCP. He was a leading figure in the CCP and Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1949 until his death.

[6] Gu Shunzhang was originally one of the heads of the CCP special agent system. In 1931 he was arrested by the KMT and assisted them in uncovering many of the CCP's secret agents. All eight members of Gu’s family were later strangled to death and buried in the French Concession in Shanghai. See “The CCP’s History of Assassinations” for more related information (http://english.epochtimes.com/news/4-7-14/22421.html).

[7] The war between the CCP and the KMT in June 1946. The war is marked by three successive campaigns: Liaoxi-Shenyang, Huai-Hai and Beiping-Tianjin, after which the CCP overthrew the rule of the KMT, leading to the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.

[8] Chiang Kai-shek was leader of the KMT, and later exiled to become ruler of Taiwan.

[9] Hu Zongnan (1896-1962), a native of Xiaofeng County (now part of Anji County), Zhejiang province, was successively deputy commander, acting commander and chief of staff of the KMT’s Southwest Military and Administrative Headquarters.

[10] Li Xiannian (1909-1992), one of the senior leaders of the CCP. He was President of China in 1983. He played an important role in helping Deng Xiaoping regain his power in October 1976 at the end of the Cultural Revolution.

[11] When the CCP began land reform, it categorized the people. Among the defined classes of enemies, intellectuals are next to landlords, reactionaries, spies, etc. and ranked Number 9.

[12] From a poem by Sima Qian (about 145-135BC to about 87BC), a historian and scholar in the West Han Dynasty. His famous poem says, “Everyone has to die; one dies either more solemn than Mount Taishan or lighter than a feather.” Mount Taishan is one of the major mountains in China.

[13] Yang Kuisong: “A synopsis of the financial supports that Moscow provided to the Chinese Communist Party from 1920s to 1940s (1),” No. 27, web edition of the 21 Century (June 30, 2004). Website: http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/supplem/essay/040313a.htm (in Chinese). The author Yang Kuisong was a research fellow of contemporary history in the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Currently, he is a professor in the Department of History, Beijing University and adjunct professor at Eastern China Normal University.

[14] The Northern Expedition was a military campaign led by Chiang Kai-shek in 1927 intended to unify China under the rule of the KMT and end the rule of local warlords. It was largely successful in these objectives. During the Northern Expedition, the CCP had an alliance with the KMT.

[15] The revolutionary movement during the CCP-KMT alliance, marked by the Northern Expedition.

[16] Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), founder of the modern China.

[17] The National Revolutionary Army controlled by the KMT, was the national army of the Republic of China. During the period of the CCP-KMT alliance, it included CCP members who joined the alliance.

[18] On April 12, 1927, the KMT led by Chiang Kai-shek initiated a military operation against the CCP in Shanghai and several other cities. Over 5,000 to 6,000 of the CCP members were captured and many of them were killed in Shanghai between April 12 and the end of 1927.

[19] The Jinggangshan Mountain area is considered the first rural revolutionary base of the CCP, and is called “the cradle for the Red Army.”

[20] Liaoxi-Shenyang, Beijing-Tianjin, and Huai Hai battles were the three major battles the CCP fought with the KMT from September 1948 to Jauary 1949, which annihilated many of the KMT’s crack troops. Millions of lives were lost in these three battles.

[21] Lin Biao (1907-1971), one of the senior CCP leaders, served under Mao Zedong as a member of China's Politburo, as Vice-Chairman (1958) and Defense Minister (1959). Lin is regarded as the architect of China's Great Cultural Revolution. Lin was designated as Mao's successor in 1966 but fell out of favor in 1970. Sensing his downfall, Lin reportedly became involved in a coup attempt and attempted to flee to the USSR once the alleged plot became exposed. During his attempted flight from prosecution, his plane crashed in Mongolia, resulting in his death.

[22] Qu Qiubai (1899-1935) is one of the CCP’s earlier leaders and famous leftist writers. He was captured by KMT on February 23, 1935 and died on June 18 the same year.

[23] The “Three Represents” was initially mentioned in a speech by Jiang Zemin in February, 2000. According to this doctrine, the Party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.

[24] Zhang Bojun (1895-1969) was one of the founders of the “China Democratic League,” a democratic party in China. He was classified as the Number 1 Rightest in 1957 by Mao Zedong, and was one of the few “rightists” who were not redressed after the Cultural Revolution.

[25] Luo Longji (1898-1965) was one of the founders of the “China Democratice League.” He was classified as a “rightest” in 1958 by Mao Zedong, and was one of the few “rightists” who were not redressed after the Cultural Revolution.

[26] Pu-yi, Manchurian name Aisin Gioro (1906–1967), the last emperor (1908–1912) of China, ruled under the name Hsuan T’ung. After his abdication, the new republican government granted him a large government pension and permitted him to live in the Forbidden City of Beijing until 1924. After 1925, he lived in the Japanese concession in Tianjin. In 1934, and, reigning under the name K’ang Te, he became the emperor of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo, or Manchuria. He was captured by the Russians in 1945 and kept as their prisoner. In 1946, Pu Yi testified at the Tokyo war crimes trial that he had been the unwilling tool of the Japanese militarists and not, as they claimed, the instrument of Manchurian self-determination. In 1950 he was handed over to the Chinese Communists, and he was imprisoned at Shenyang until 1959, when Mao Zedong granted him amnesty.

[27] From Qu Qiubai, “A Few More Words” on May 23, 1935 before his death on June 18, 1935.

[28] Zhang Wentian (1900-1976), an important leader of CCP since 1930s. He was Deputy Foreign Minister of China from 1954 to 1960. He was persecuted to death in 1976 during the Cultural Revolution. His case was redressed in August 1979.

[29] The last of the ten general secretaries of the CCP that was dismissed due to his disagreement with using force to end the student demonstrations in the Tiananmen Square in 1989.

[30] Zhang Guotao (1897-1979), one of the founders of the CCP. He was expelled from the CCP in April 1938. He went to Taiwan in November 1948, then to Hong Kong in 1949. He immigrated to Canada in 1968.

[31] The “Gang of Four” was formed by Mao Zedong's wife Jiang Qing (1913-1991), Shanghai Propaganda Department official Zhang Chunqiao (1917-1991), literary critic Yao Wenyuan (1931) and Shanghai security guard Wang Hongwen (1935-1992). They rose to power during the Great Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) and dominated Chinese politics during the early 1970s.

248,877,429 Quit as of 10:30 p.m., August 31, 2016 QUITTING THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY NineCommentaries.com The ‘Nine Commentaries’ is the book that is disintegrating the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and changing China. This award-winning Epoch Times editorial series discloses the true history and nature of the CCP. Now it is serialized here. Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party On how the Communist Party opposes the universe Commentary Four (cont.) China’s ecosystem is on the brink of collapse. Resetting Canada-China relations Canada should take steps to build a sustainable trading relationship with China, predicated on advancing the well-being of Canadians By Robert McGarvey What’s a self-respecting Canadian prime minister to do with China, a vital partner that’s dominating world trade and becoming dangerously belligerent? We will find out soon. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has arrived in China in preparation for the G20 summit in Hangzhou, where he will meet with other world leaders and business elites. China’s rise to superpower status has been one of the most remarkable stories of the past half-century, particularly when we consider the state of its economy in the 1960s, after the disastrous Cultural Revolution. During the Cultural Revolution, roving bands of communist radicals terrorized the nation, forcing (often at gunpoint) China’s educated classes and business elites into humiliating “re-education” camps, and regularly condemning innocent people to years of hard labour. China’s economy hardly registered on the global scale. It was inward-looking, bureaucratic, and decades behind the West in technology, productivity, and sophistication. Since then, China has revolutionized its economy, urbanized its civilization, and totally restructured the global economy. The speed of this change is unprecedented. Regrettably, China’s industrialization has come at the expense of more expensive production in the G7 nations. North America, in particular, has seen its manufacturing heartland decimated, as industry after industry took advantage of China’s highly skilled but much lower-paid workforce to lower production costs. Given that China had lobbied hard to achieve “most favored nation” trading status with the U.S. and Canada, there were no societal or political restrictions on this general trend. Today, China is an economic superpower that’s using its newfound wealth to stake claims in other areas of national prestige. Its space ambitions are legendary—launching a robotic Mars probe, developing unhackable quantum satellites, and, by 2020, building a space station. More ominously, China is starting to flex its military muscles. The nation has the largest standing army in the world, and in the South China Sea, it’s building fortified islands in the ocean to stake claims over busy sea lanes in international waters. Trudeau has spoken of “resetting” China-Canada relations, and there is much chatter in the press of a new “golden era” in trade between the two countries. However, if the Canadian government is to fulfill its election promise of “growing Canada’s middle class,” some major changes in the structure of the bilateral relationship will be necessary. At the very least, Canada could take steps to build a sustainable trading relationship with China, predicated on advancing the well-being of Canadians. How can this be accomplished? Seventy-five percent of all exports from Canada go to the United States. CanadaU.S. trade is easy—there are no meaningful language, cultural, or bureaucratic barriers. Distribution channels and established trade relationships make crossborder trade the first choice for Canadian businesses. It’s very impressive, but in global terms it’s just an extension of domestic trade. The truth is Canadian businesses leave a world of export opportunities on the table. Why? Canada doesn’t have an export orientation, nor the infrastructure to increase trade with countries like China. But China, India, and many other countries have a great and growing need for Canadian products and services. For example, as global diets change, there’s a growing demand for agricultural products that Canada could fill. What’s missing are the means to reduce language, cultural, and bureaucratic barriers. New e-commerce and e-logistics technology could help make international trade as easy as north-south trade, but it doesn’t exist for most Canadian businesses. We need to revamp trading to enable globalization. Somewhere along the line, big corporations hijacked our major trade agreements, which serve their interests but not the greater good. For instance, there’s been no meaningful advance of workers’ rights in China despite 50 years of global integration. Advancing human rights in China is not simply the right thing to do, it’s a necessary step in balancing trade between China and the rest of the world. Increasing Canadian exports and balancing international trade will help build a sustainable place for China in international trade that works for everyone. Trudeau and his G20 partners can start the process in Hangzhou. Robert McGarvey is an economic historian and former managing director of Merlin Consulting, a London, U.K.-based consulting firm. © 2016 Distributed by Troy Media Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Sophie Gregoire and Ella-Grace walk atop a section of the Great Wall of China during their visit, in Beijing on Sept. 1. THE CANADIAN PRESS/ADRIAN WYLD EPOCH WEEKEND www.TheEpochTimes.com A2 | September 2–8, 2016

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»ABOUT US:  Freedom of the press and humanity are fundamental to Epoch Times. In 2000, our media was born to provide truthful news coverage of events in China, where previously only propaganda and censorship existed. After personally witnessing tragedies like the Tiananmen Square massacre and the persecution of the spiritual group Falun Gong, at great risk to themselves and their loved ones, a group of Chinese-Americans started publishing the Chinese-language Epoch Times in the United States. Some reporters in China were jailed, and some suffered severe torture before disappearing altogether—but Epoch Times flourished, attracting a global audience of millions. We now publish in 35 countries and 21 languages. From our news hub in Manhattan, we provide engaging, quality local news and feature content designed to enrich and inspire our readers’ lives. Epoch Times newspaper and TheEpochTimes.com is your trusted, innovative, and influential media organization. At our core are integrity and truthfulness in reporting—and giving our readers the stories, news, and information that matter most. »AWARDS 2015 New York Press Association Awards » Richard L. Stein Award for Overall Design Excellence (2013–2015) » Photographic Excellence, First Place » Feature Story, First Place For reporting on one taxi driver’s fight to save his medallion and his family’s future » Best Advertising Campaign, First Place Uncle Ted’s restaurant Society of Professional Journalists » 2012 Sigma Delta Chi Award for Excellence in Journalism Non-Deadline Reporting: The Atrocity of Forced, Live Organ Harvesting in China 36th Edition Society for News Design Awards » Award of Excellence, Feature Design Sections » Award of Excellence, Feature Design Pages By Chris Massaro Epoch Times Staff The United States has threatened South Sudan with sanctions and an arms embargo over President Salva Kiir’s refusal to rein in attacks against his political rivals. Kiir largely owes the founding of his country and his presidency to support from the United States, a key backer of South Sudan’s independence in 2011. But in recent weeks, Kiir’s government has engaged in ethnic violence and has reportedly targeted U.S. citizens. Those developments have led the United States to threaten to withdraw its support, and acquiesce to the demands of human rights groups calling for sanctions against both Kiir’s South Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) government and its rival party, the SPLM in Opposition (SPLM-IO), led by former Vice President Riek Machar. In recent days, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has signaled the change. “We are not just going to provide help incessantly if they are not willing to accept responsibility and do the things necessary to deliver to their people,” Kerry said during a visit to Kenya on Aug. 22. The United States is the single largest donor of humanitarian assistance to South Sudan. The country has received over $412 million in U.S. aid this fiscal year to date, and an additional $138 million in humanitarian aid will be sent by year’s end. The State Department has also requested $30 million to help reform the South Sudanese Armed Forces in an effort to prevent the kinds of atrocities recently committed. Recent Violence Kiir’s government, which consists largely of the dominant Dinka ethnicity, is targeting the Nuer ethnicity, which is aligned with Machar, according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the United Nations. Renewed violence broke out in July after a fragile peace accord between Kiir and Machar broke down. The U.N. reported that hundreds died over a few days of fighting in early July. “The recent human rights abuses and crimes against civilians by government soldiers in [the South Sudan capital] Juba have included killings, raping, and looting, often along ethnic lines,” said Jonathan Pedneault, South Sudan consulting researcher for HRW. A report issued by the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights said that government soldiers were targeting people of Nuer origin. “Soldiers reportedly arrested eight Nuer civilians during house-to-house searches in Juba’s Munuki area and took them to two nearby hotels, where they shot four of them,” said the U.N. report. It also outlines crimes committed by groups aligned with the SPLM-IO. Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, the U.N. high commissioner for human rights, said the organization had documented “at least 217 cases of sexual violence in Juba” between July 8 and July 25. “In a few areas, women from various ethnic groups were raped by heavily armed youth believed to be affiliated to [SPLM-IO],” said Hussein, according to the report. Americans were also harmed in the attack in Juba on July 11. One American man told The Associated Press that he was beaten with belts and the butts of guns by SPLA soldiers (under the direction of SPLM) for nearly an hour. There are no reports of American fatalities but the U.N. is conservatively estimating the civilian death toll to be at 73. Increasing Pressure for Embargo The current violence should give the United States pause over its staunch support for Kiir and his SPLM government, said one expert. “The U.S. and the U.N. gambled on close relations with Salva Kiir, and it turns out that Salva Kiir is an untrustworthy partner who hates the U.N. and increasingly hates the U.S,” said Richard Gowan, an expert at the European Council on Foreign Relations, told Foreign Policy magazine. The U.K., France, and many African nations are in favor of an arms embargo but the United States  has been reluctant. The likelihood of an embargo ever passing is unlikely however, with both Russia and China holding veto authority through their seats on the U.N. Security Council. China is a longtime supporter of (north) Sudan’s central government and supplied them with many of the weapons used to fight the south during the civil war and the crisis in Darfur. China is also South Sudan’s top export market for oil. Founding of South Sudan South Sudan emerged as a sovereign state from the 22-year civil war that saw the United States supporting the South, and Russia and China supporting the North. The Arab government in Khartoum, led by Omar alBashir, waged a bloody campaign to Islamize the mainly Christian south. In 2009, al-Bashir was indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for directing the campaign of mass killing and rape. Oil also played a vital role in the conflict since reserves are primarily in the south. The main group in opposition to the Khartoum government was the SPLM, which became the first post-independence government. Washington sponsored the 2005 agreement that led to the south’s independence in July 2011. Former President George W. Bush was  swayed by his evangelical base to support self-determination for South Sudan and to help stop 2005’s the attempted genocide in Darfur. South Sudan was expected to become an important geopolitical ally and contribute to regional stability. But a civil war broke out in South Sudan in 2013 after President Kiir accused his sitting vice president, Machar, of plotting a coup. Forces loyal to each side soon began bloodletting in the capital along ethnic lines. The civil war raged until August 2015 when the two sides signed a peace agreement, which lasted until July 8. That’s when fighting broke out between the rival forces over the stalled implementation of parts of the agreement. In response to the recent bloodshed, on Aug. 12 the U.N. Security Council extended the the United Nations Mission in South Sudan to Dec. 15. It also emphasized the importance of protecting civilians from threats, “regardless of source.” China, Egypt, Russia, and Venezuela abstained from the vote. US Threatens Sanctions Over South Sudan.